Until the last couple of years, there were limited opportunities for investors to earn a decent income from thier portfolios. Now due to the Fed’s rate hikes, the situation is much different as there are plenty of options for investors. In AdvisorPerspectives, Mike Smith and Mary Erwin of Russell Investments detail some considerations to reduce risk while optimizing for yield. 

During the prior decade when low rates prevailed, many investors were forced to invest in riskier securities in order to generate a decent yield like international bonds, infrastructure bonds, and high-yield bonds. Now, investors can earn similar returns with securities that are much less riskier, but Smith and Erwin believe that investors should continue to have diversified exposure to the asset class given that inflation poses a major threat.

If inflation continues to climb, it reduces the value of these cash flows. Therefore, investors should ensure that their portfolios’ income will grow faster than inflation. Model portfolios can play an important role in this process as it can help build a diversified portfolio and offer exposure to a variety of asset classes with more potential for growth in their income streams.  

Finsum: A major challenge for income investors over the next decade is ensuring that inflation doesn’t eat into their portfolios’ income stream. 

In an article for WealthManagement, Iraklis Kourtidis shared his persepctive on direct indexing and what it precisely means. He says that there are two components to direct indexing. The first is that it helps an investor create a custom and personalized index. The second is that it can help with portfolio management to ensure that it tracks a specific benchmark. 

With direct indexing, investors hold the actual securities themselves in a portfolio rather than an ETF or mutual fund which tracks an index. One advantage of this is that it enables an investor to create their own index. Previously, this wasn’t possible as index investing was only possible through ETFs and mutual funds which follow well-known indexes.

Some investors want the benefits of index investing in terms of diversification and low costs. But, they need greater personalization. One approach is to modify an existing index. Another is to create an index from scratch. 

In terms of portfolio management, there are some additional challenges. For one, index holdings need to be constantly rebalanced especially when tax losses are being harvested to offset gains in other parts of the portfolio or when factor scores change. 

Finsum: There are two parts of direct indexing, and each is crucial for success. One involves constructing a custom index, and the second is portfolio management.

In an article for ETF.com by Michelle Lodge, she examines whether success in portfolio management is a matter of skill or luck. According to survey results from S&P Dow Jones, there is little connection between good choices made by a manager and portfolio performance. 

According to Craig Lazarra, the Director of Index Investment Strategy at S&P Dow Jones, “Our report for year-end 2022 finds little evidence of persistent active management success, despite considering a variety of metrics and lookback periods.” 

According to the research, investors are better off with low-cost, diversified ETFs. Additionally, success in terms of picking stocks and ETFs is not repeatable. Additionally even in a poor year for passive funds, 51% of active managers still underperformed their benchmarks in 2022. 

Another piece of evidence cited is that managers who outperformed in the first half of the last decade, failed to outperform in the second-half of the decade. The same dynamic appears with active fixed income managers with no indication that success in one year is likely to repeat in subsequent years. 

Finsum: Research shows that active fixed income and equity outperformance is unlikely to repeat in following years.