Gold-backed ETFs saw their biggest first-half inflow since early 2020, as investors flocked to the metal amid global trade tensions and economic uncertainty. According to the World Gold Council, physically backed gold ETFs attracted $38 billion in inflows from January to June 2025, lifting total holdings by 397.1 metric tons to 3,615.9 tons. 

This surge was largely driven by concerns over U.S. tariff policies under President Trump, prompting a shift toward safe-haven assets. U.S.-listed funds led with 206.8 tons added, while Asia-listed ETFs set a regional record with 104.3 tons—accounting for 28% of global flows despite managing just 9% of global gold ETF assets. 

The rebound follows modest inflows in 2024 and reverses a three-year trend of outflows tied to high interest rates. Spot gold prices have surged 26% this year, reaching an all-time high of $3,500 per ounce in April.

Finsum: Gold ETFs are a great way to get exposure and get an inflation hedge in case tariffs cause a spike. 

Debentures are long-term debt instruments that allow companies and governments to raise capital without pledging specific assets as collateral. These unsecured bonds appeal to investors seeking portfolio diversification and fixed income, though they carry risks tied to the issuer’s creditworthiness. 

While government-issued debentures are generally low-risk due to sovereign backing, corporate debentures rely on the company’s financial health and reputation, making credit ratings an essential consideration. 

There are various types: convertible debentures can later be exchanged for company stock, while nonconvertible ones cannot but typically offer higher interest rates; similarly, secured debentures are backed by company assets, whereas unsecured ones are not, increasing the investment risk but potentially offering higher yields. 

Finsum: While they provide regular income and reduced exposure to market volatility, investors must weigh those benefits against interest rate sensitivity and potential default risk.

Oil prices climbed as markets reacted to looming U.S. sanctions targeting Russian energy exports, signaling tighter global supply ahead. West Texas Intermediate surged over 2%, breaking above $68 per barrel after President Trump teased a major announcement on Russia and hinted at aggressive tariffs on countries like China and India that continue buying Russian oil. 

Analysts suggest these potential sanctions are offsetting concerns about rising OPEC+ output, especially as Saudi Arabia exceeded its production quota in June amid heightened geopolitical tensions with Iran. 

However, the rally was tempered by Trump's separate threat of a 35% tariff on select Canadian goods, though core energy imports under the USMCA will likely remain unaffected. Meanwhile, traders shrugged off the temporary production surge from Gulf producers, focusing instead on stable Saudi pricing to China and expected output curbs from OPEC+ starting October. 

Finsum: With sluggish global demand growth in 2025 the market may face a delicate balance between geopolitical supply shocks and muted consumption.